Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Charles Dickens: The Thames Police Force
"Down With The Tide"
Household Words, February 5, 1853

scull

Standing Rower Using a Single Scull, Aft

In "Down With The Tide" (Household Words, February 5, 1853), Charles Dickens describes a night out with the Thames Police force. The police point out that many suicides take place on the Thames, principally at Waterloo Bridge. The following additional information is provided:

Dickens mentions that there are different kinds of boats that the Thames Police use, including duty boats and supervision boats. The duty boats are rowed "Ran-Dan", a rower at each oar (starboard and port), and one with a pair of sculls. The duty boat bears a total of four people: the three rowers and a "sitter", who is an Inspector.

A typical oar usually pivots through an oar lock attached to the gunwale on the side of a boat. A scull (sometimes called a 'sweep oar') is a single oar mounted through a pivot point at the stern. The person who sculls often works the scull while standing. The Thames Police duty boats use a sculler with two sculls, used simultaneously, but often a sculler uses only a single scull, as exemplified by Lizzie Hexam with her father, Gaffer.

Dickens notes that the Thames Police force district extends from Battersea to Barking Creek. It is composed of 98 men, eight duty boats and two supervision boats. The police wait silently in dark places. One of the Thames Policemen, whom Dickens called "Pea", tells Dickens that the reason for lurking quietly in the dark is that "River thieves can always get rid of stolen properly in a moment, by dropping it overboard. We want to take them with the property, so we lurk about and come out upon 'em sharp. If they see us or hear us, over it goes." Theft is aided by the ability of the Thames river thieves to meld into the tiers of boats in the pool at night.

Dickens notes that there are four kinds of thieves on the Thames River:
  1. Tier-Rangers: go among the tiers of shipping in the Pool at night and quietly, while the skippers and first mates are asleep, rifle through the sleepers' clothing, stealing money, watches, or whatever else they can find.
  2. .
  3. Lumpers (they unload vessels): Lumpers can easily steal from steamers, as steamers have a large number of small packages and must be rapidly unloaded. The lumpers wear a loose canvas jacket beneath which small packages can easily be concealed, and later disposed of at marine stores.
  4. .
  5. Truckers: often chandlers selling groceries to the boat crews, affording them the opportunity to smuggle out larger packages than lumpers could take.
  6. .
  7. Dredgermen: hang about barges and when they can, sweep property overboard; either into the water to be picked up later, or if possible directly into their boats ("dry dredging"). Goods such as nails, sheathing, hardwood, are disposed of at marine stores. Sometimes dredgermen cut barges loose, claiming that the barges "drifted away of their own selves", to allow a more leisurely and complete plundering of the barges.

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