Esther M. Zimmer's interest in Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin began when she was a young graduate student at
Stanford University in 1946, well before Esther and Joshua Lederberg were married, and a decade before
they moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. Indeed, Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg and Arthur Kornberg were
two of the few research scientists who were interested in conferring with Oparin when he visited the
San Francisco Bay Area in May, 1969. Esther attended Oparin's May 6, 1969 lecture at NASA Ames
Research Center, where she photographed Oparin. (It is not known whether Joshua Lederberg was also in
attendance.)
Oparin, as well as other scientists such as Harold C. Urey, was interested in the how life evolved
in a lifeless environment. For some people, this seems to imply a possible conflict between religion
and religious values, and science.
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